INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
Information Technology is a technology used for processing data,
including processing, obtain, compile, store, manipulate data in different ways
to produce quality information, ie information that is relevant, accurate and
timely, which is used for personal, educational, business , and government and
is a strategic information for decision making. This technology uses a computer
to process the data, the network system to connect one computer to another
computer as needed, and telecommunications technology is used so that data can
be distributed and accessed globally. Roles can be given by the application of
information technology and communication technology is to get information for
personal life such as information about health, hobbies, recreation, and spiritual.
Then for professions such as science, technology, trade, business news, and
professional associations. Means of cooperation between the individual or group
with one other person or group without limits of distance and time, country,
race, economic class, ideology or other factors that may hinder the exchange of
thoughts. Developments in information technology and communication technology
spur a new way of life, from beginning to end of life, life is known as e-life,
meaning life is influenced by a variety of electronic needs. And now it was
vibrant with the letters that start with the prefix e-such as e-commerce,
e-government, e-education, e-library, e-journal, e-medicine, e-laboratory,
e-biodiversitiy, and others again based electronics. EVOLUTION GLOBAL ECONOMY
1. Economy Agriculture, until two hundred years ago the world economy is
agrarian in which one is the main characteristic of the soil is the most
dominant factor. 2. Industrial Economics, after the industrial revolution, the
invention of the steam engine, the global economy has evolved toward an
industrial economy with its main characteristic is the capital as the most
important factor of production. 3. Economic Information, currently, men tend to
occupy a central place in the production process, because the stage we are
entering the economy is based on knowledge (knowledge based) and focuses on the
information (information focused). In this case the role of telecommunications
and informatics as a key technology (technology enabler). Advances in
information technology and telecommunications so rapidly, allowing the
implementation of new ways for more efficient production, distribution and
consumption of goods and services. It is this process that brings people into
the Society or Information Economy. This new society is also often referred to
as post-industrial society. Whatever you call it, in the information age,
physical distance or geographical distance is no longer a factor in human
relations or inter-agency effort, so that the universe becomes a hamlet
universe or "Global village". So often we hear the term
"distance is dead" or "distance is dead", which more and
more fulfilled. In our lives in the future, information technology and
telecommunications sector is the dominant sector. Anyone who mastered this
technology, it will become a leader in the world.
CHAPTER 2 DEVELOPMENT, IMPLIED, AND USE IT AND TK DEVELOPMENT IN
EDUCATION IN INDONESIA INDONESIA IN IT AND TK
• Technology Releases Since I PELITA technologies such as radio and
television have been programmed. Indeed, facilities and infrastructure at that
time does not exist or has not been adequate, but with the development of
broadcasting technologies, such as direct broadcast satellite transmitter and
re-low-power, has enabled the achievement of the entire country. This
technology continues to develop until the next PELITA, which then evolved with
the advent of private television and local broadcast television networks. •
Satellite Communications Since 1976, Indonesia has entered the modern
information age with the operation SKSD PALAPA I. Satellite communication
system is a requirement unique to Indonesia, because of the circumstances and
geography. Consideration for the development of this system is for the purpose
of education, information, entertainment, government, business, defense, and
industrial. • The development of computer hardware computer takes place very
rapidly. Besides muatnya greater power, speed of operation is also higher. If
ten years ago a computer microprocessor can access memory at speeds perjutaan
seconds, then the current speed is calculated by permiiliar (nano) seconds.
Computer desk or personal computer is now no longer seen as a luxury item, but
rather as an essential requirement to be able to follow the progress. Virtually
no one kantorpun that does not own and operate a computer. • Technology Video
(Video Recorder) video teknolofi developments in line with developments in
communications and computers, although the orientation is primarily for
entertainment purposes. TI AND DEVELOPMENT EXPERTS FORECAST BY TK From the
first since before the widespread use of IT and TK in life and in education in
particular, experts have revealed prediction of the use of IT and kindergarten.
Here we discuss some of the forecasts of experts. "Globalization has
triggered a shift in education from conventional education face to face
education toward a more open" (M. Mukhopadhyay, 1995). As an example we
look at the French project "Flexible Learning". It is reminiscent of
Ivan Illich forecast early 70's about "Education without school
(Deschooling Socieiy)," which is extreme teachers no longer needed. Bishop
G. (1989) predicted that the future of education will be supple (flexible),
open, and accessible to anyone who needs irrespective of the type of factors,
age, and previous educational experience. Mason R. (1994) found that education
will be more determined by the network of information that allows interaction
and collaboration, rather than the school. Tony Bates (1995) states that technology
can improve the quality and range when used wisely for education and training,
and has great significance for the economic well-being. Alisjahbana I. (1966)
suggested that the approach to education and training will be "At that
moment (Just on Time). New teaching techniques will be two-way, collaborative
and inter-disciplinary. Romiszowski & Mason (1996) predicts the use of
"Computer-based Multimedia Communication (CMC). Of the forecast and the
views of scholars above it can be concluded that with the influence of
globalization, the future of education will be more open and two-way, diverse,
multidisciplinary, and work productivity related to "the spot" and
competitive.
DEVELOPMENTS AND IMPLICATIONS IN IT AND IT EDUCATION IN INDONESIA trend
developments and implications of education in Indonesia in the future are: 1.
Development of open education by distance learning mode (Distance Learning). 2.
Resource sharing among institutions with education / training in a network. 3.
The use of interactive information technology devices, such as CD-ROM
Multimedia, education is gradually replacing TV and Video. DISTANCE LEARNING
With the development of information technology in education, so when it is
possible to place a distance learning by using the internet to connect between
students and teachers, see the value of online students, financial checks, view
class schedules, send the task given lecturers and so on, all of which had to
do. A major factor in distance learning that is considered a problem is the
lack of interaction between faculty and students. However, with the internet it
is possible to make the interaction between faculty and students in the form of
real time (real time) or not. In real time can be done for example in a
chatroom, direct interaction with real audio or real video, and online
meetings. Its not real time could do with mailing lists, discussion groups,
newsgroups, and bulletin board. With the above faculty and student interaction
in the classroom may be replaced even if not 100%. Forms of matter, exams,
quizzes and other educational means can also be implemented into the web, like
matter lecturer made a presentation on the web and can be downloaded by the
students. Similarly, the exams and quizzes created by lecturers can also be
done in the same way. Settlement administration can also be solved directly in
the registration process, let alone supported with online payment method. A
web-based distance education, among others should have the following elements:
(1) student activities center; as a web-based distance learning community
should be able to make this facility as a place for student activities, where
students can add skills, reading course material, looking for information and
so on. (2) The interaction within the group; Students can interact with each
other to discuss the materials given faculty. Lecturers may be present in this
group to give a little review of the material provided. (3) student
administration system, wherein students can view information about the status
of students, student achievement, and so on. (4) Deepening materials and exams;
Usually professors often hold a short quiz and tasks aimed at deepening of what
has been taught and do a test at the end of the study. It should also be
anticipated by a web-based distance learning (5) digital library; In this
section, there is a wide range of information literature, not limited to books
but also on digital libraries such as sound, images and so on. This section is
for support and shape database. (6) online material beyond the course material;
To support the lectures, reading materials are also needed from other web.
Therefore in this section, faculty and students can be directly involved in
providing other materials published to other students via the web.
ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF THE USE OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF IT AND TK FOR EDUCATION
IN INDONESIA • electronic library (e-library) information technology revolution
has not only changed the concept of education in the classroom but also opens
up a new world for the library. Libraries are usually an archive of books with
the help of information technology and the Internet can easily change the
concept of the library to be more passive aggressive in interacting with users.
With many libraries connected to the Internet, the source of knowledge is
usually limited to the library to be unlimited • Electronic mail (e-mail) with
the e-mail application, a teacher, parents, administrators, and students can
easily relate to each other. The school can make a report student progress and
achievement, whether requested or not their parents. In learning activities
outside of school, students face kesulitam subject matter can inquire by e-mail
to the school or the teacher's field of study. Similarly for teachers who are
unable to attend can assign tasks via e-mail to students. • Encyclopedia Some
of the companies that run the encyclopedia has now started experimenting with
using a CD-ROM to hold the free encyclopedia that duharapkan future not only
contain text and images, but also video and audio. • journal or a scientific
magazine One argument commonly in education in Indonesia is kurangny
information access to scientific journals or internet are making it easier for
students to access scientific information classes, which exist throughout the
world. • Development and distribution system homepage learning materials
electronically (digital) via the homepage of learning systems can be developed
in the form of virtual schools (virtual school) so that all learning activities
ranging from access to learning materials, assessment, and supporting
administrative activities can be online for 24 hours. • Video teleconferencing
video teleconference presence of information technology makes it possible for
children around the world to get to know and relate to one another. Video
teleconference at school is a proposition for discussion, simulation and can be
used to play a role in teaching and learning activities that are social.
Besides, it can also be for the experimental observation of a teacher.
CHAPTER 3 CONCLUSION
Since 1976, Indonesia has entered the modern era with the operation SKSD
indormasi PALAPA I. In the information age, IT and TK role as key technologies
(technology enabler). IT development and kindergarten can improve performance
and enable a wide range of activities can be implemented quickly, precisely and
accurately, including in education. With the development of IT and TK is a very
fast, like it or not, ready or not ready, it will get heavier flow of
information with all the positive and negative impacts to the people of
Indonesia. IT developments and TK showed the emergence of various types of
activities based on this technology, including in education. As the use of
e-learning, e-library, e-education, e-mails, e-laboratory, and others. Such
forecasts and views of scholars about education in the future that with the
influence of globalization, the future of education will be more open and
two-way, diverse, multidisciplinary, and work productivity related to "the
spot" and competitive. In our lives in the future, information technology
and telecommunications sector is the dominant sector. Anyone who mastered this
technology, it will become a leader in the world.
